Iron railings: The railing and base are connected in several ways: ① Insertion type: Flat iron bars or barbed iron parts are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the base and then filled and secured with cement mortar or fine aggregate concrete.
Wooden railings: Primarily joined by mortise and tenon joints. If it's a baluster, the base of the baluster should be mortised into the stair beam, and the handrail should then be mortised to the baluster.
Stone railings: Made of marble or granite, with a stone handrail at the top and a stone railing in the middle. The base plate is optional, depending on the needs. If it's the beginning of a staircase, there's also a larger general's post. Joints are mainly connected with iron strips and special marble adhesive.
Cast stone railings: Cast stone generally refers to precast GRC (Glass Reinforced Concrete) products containing quartz sand, similar to imitation white marble railings. The raw materials are GRC cement, sand, gravel, and quick-setting agents. After the raw materials are mixed evenly, they are poured into molds and solidified. This process is relatively simple, and because it's mold production, it allows for mass production, significantly reducing the cost of municipal bridge railing landscaping. There are generally two approaches in the industry.
Laminated glass railings: These use stainless steel or A3 steel posts, with the glass secured by post fittings. The glass is typically 6+6 safety laminated glass, and the handrails are made of stainless steel round tubing. A key feature is that the glass is the primary component; the style is relatively modern and suitable for open-plan buildings and upscale shopping malls, among other public spaces.
